Crawford v. Hinds County, Mississippi Resources

Contents

• Featured Organization
• Select Court Cases about the ADA and Courthouse Access
• Other Issues Mentioned in the Episode
• Accessible Courthouse Planning and Design
• ADA Accessibility Guidelines
• Reports and Research on Court Accessibility
• Learn More about Our Court System and the ADA
• News Articles about Courthouse Accessibility

Featured Organization

Andrew Bizer, Lead Attorney
Law Firm of Bizer & Dereus
New Orleans, Louisiana
Link: bizerlaw.com

Select Court Cases about the ADA and Courthouse Access

Crawford v. Hinds County

• Case Summary and Analysis
  Scott Crawford v. Hinds County Board of Supervisors, et al.
  Hinds County, Mississippi, No. 20-60372 (2021)
  Source: Southeast ADA Center
  Link: adasoutheast.org/ada/publications/legal/Crawford_v_Hinds-County.php
• Full Case Brief – Scott Crawford v. Hinds County Board of Supervisors, et al., No. 20-60372, 2021 U.S. App. LEXIS 18001 (5th Cir. June 16, 2021) [PDF]
  Source: United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
  Link: ca5.uscourts.gov/opinions/pub/20/20-60372-CV0.pdf

Tennessee v. Lane

• Tennessee v. Lane [PDF, 63 pages]
  U.S. Supreme Court Opinion (May 17, 2004)
  Source: U.S. Supreme Court
  Link: supremecourt.gov/opinions/03pdf/02-1667.pdf
• Legal Brief: Tennessee v. Lane
  Source: Disability Rights Education & Defense Fund (DREDF)
  Link: dredf.org/legal-advocacy/amicus-curiae/tennessee-v-lane
• Case Summary: Tennessee v. Lane
  Source: Disability Rights Education & Defense Fund (DREDF)
  Link: dredf.org/2003/11/12/tennessee-v-lane
• Tennessee v. Lane: The Legal Issues and the Implications for People with Disabilities
  Source: National Council on Disability (2003)
  Link: ncd.gov/publications/2003/Sept42003

Other Issues Mentioned in the Episode

Lawsuits filed by Madalyn Murray O’Hair

• O’Hair v. Paine, 312 F. Supp. 434 (W.D. Tex. 1969)
  US District Court for the Western District of Texas – 312 F. Supp. 434 (W.D. Tex. 1969) December 9, 1969
  Source: Justia
  Link: law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/312/434/1468840
• Madalyn Murray O’Hair and Society of Separationists, Inc., plaintiffs-appellants, v. Mark White, et al., Defendants-appellees, 675 F.2d 680 (5th Cir. 1982)
  U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit – 675 F.2d 680 (5th Cir. 1982) May 12, 1982
  Source: Justia
  Link: law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/675/680/252703
• Madalyn Murray O’Hair | The First Amendment Encyclopedia
  Madalyn Murray O’Hair (1919–1995), an atheist, filed several lawsuits that dealt with First Amendment separation of church and state issues.
  Source: First Amendment Encyclopedia, Middle Tennessee State University (2009)
  Link: mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/1272/madalyn-murray-o-hair

Mississippi Statistics on Health and Disability

• Disability & Health U.S. State Profile Data for Mississippi (Adults 18+ years of age)
  Recent health and disability statistics for Mississippi.
  Source: Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
  Link: cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/impacts/mississippi.html

Accessible Courthouse Planning and Design

• Justice for All: Designing Accessible Courthouses
  Source: U.S. Access Board
  Link: access-board.gov/ada/additional-resources/designing-accessible-courthouses.html
• Accessible Courtrooms | Court Facility Planning
  Note: This website is difficult to navigate, but it includes resources on ADA accessibility requirements and the needs of persons with disabilities. Use the list of topics listed in the right sidebar on each page to find information.
  Source: National Center for State Courts (NCSC)
  Link: ncsc.org/courthouseplanning/needs-of-persons-with-disabilities/accessible-courtrooms
  • Needs of Persons with Disabilities
    Link: ncsc.org/courthouseplanning/needs-of-persons-with-disabilities
  • Accessibility – The Courthouse: A Guide to Planning & Design
    Link: ncsc.org/courthouseplanning/needs-of-persons-with-disabilities/accessibility
• Guide: Court Access for Individuals who are Deaf and Hard of Hearing [PDF, 63 pages]
  Source: American Bar Association (ABA)
  Link: americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/administrative/commission-disability-rights/court-access-guide-lr-intractv-accsb-rev022317.authcheckdam.pdf
• Communication Access in Federal Courts
  Source: National Association of the Deaf (NAD)
  Link: nad.org/resources/justice/courts/communication-access-in-federal-courts
• Communication Access in State and Local Courts
  Source: National Association of the Deaf (NAD)
  Link: nad.org/resources/justice/courts/communication-access-in-state-and-local-courts
• Georgia Courts ADA Handbook [PDF, 217 pages]
  Source: Judicial Council of Georgia (2017)
  Link: georgiacourts.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/ADA-Judicial-Handbook-2017_Oct-Update.pdf
• Series of Articles on Courthouse Accessibility
  Source: Fentress Blog
  • Historic Preservation and ADAAG Guidelines: Courthouse Entrances
    Link: blog.fentress.com/blog/adaag-guidelines-courthouse-entrances
  • Integrated Accessibility for Courtrooms
    Link: blog.fentress.com/blog/integrated-accessibility-for-courtrooms
  • Courthouse Security Screening Accessibility
    Link: blog.fentress.com/blog/courthouse-security-screening-accessibility
  • Courtroom Design for Handicap Access
    Link: blog.fentress.com/blog/courtroom-design-for-handicap-access
• Courthouse Planning & Needs Assessment: A Guide to the Process
  Source: Fentress Inc.
  Link: fentress.com/courthouse-planning-needs-assessment

ADA Accessibility Guidelines

• Fact Sheet: 2010 ADA Accessibility Guidelines
  Overview of the 2010 Standards for Accessible Design
  Source: ADA National Network
  Link: adata.org/factsheet/standards
• ADA Accessibility Standards
  Source: U.S. Access Board
  Link: access-board.gov/ada
• Guide to the ADA Standards
  Source: U.S. Access Board
  Link: access-board.gov/ada/guides
• ADA Title II Action Guide for State and Local Governments
  Source: New England ADA Center
  Link: adaactionguide.org
• Project Civic Access Settlement Agreements
  This project is a wide-ranging effort to ensure that counties, cities, towns, and villages comply with the ADA by eliminating physical and communication barriers that prevent people with disabilities from participating fully in community life. Many of the agreements require that state and local governments make their courthouses accessible.
  Source: U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ)
  Link: ada.gov/civicac.htm

Archived Webinars from the ADA National Network

Each webinar includes an audio file and session handout materials.

• Accessible Courthouses (A refresher)
  Source: Accessibility Online Webinar Series (July 2017)
  Link: accessibilityonline.org/ao/archives/110597
• Accessible Courthouses and Courtrooms
  Source: Accessibility Online Webinar Series (February 2012)
  Link: accessibilityonline.org/ao/archives/36

Other Federal Guidance

• Architectural Barriers Act (ABA) Accessibility Guidelines
  These design guidelines apply to facilities that are federally funded.
  Source: U.S. Access Board
  Link: access-board.gov/aba
• ADA Technical Assistance Letters
  The federal government has issued several opinion letters on the ADA in response to direct inquiries since 1992. These letters are to be considered informal guidance only.
  Source: U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ)
  Link: justice.gov/crt/americans-disabilities-act-technical-assistance-letters-41
  • Accessibility of courtroom alterations
    Doc #: 688
    Date: 04/29/96
    Link: justice.gov/crt/foia/readingroom/frequent_requests/ada_tal/tal688.txt
  • Alternate accessible location for inaccessible courtroom
    Doc #: 414
    Date: 11/23/93
    Link:  justice.gov/crt/foia/readingroom/frequent_requests/ada_tal/tal414.txt
  • Assistive listening systems
    Doc #: 337
    Date: 06/14/93
    Link: justice.gov/crt/foia/readingroom/frequent_requests/ada_tal/tal337.txt

Reports and Research on Court Accessibility

• Disability and the Federal Courts: A Study of Web Accessibility [PDF, 74 pages]
  Source: Federal Judiciary Center (FJC) (December 2019)
  Link: fjc.gov/sites/default/files/materials/24/Disability%20and%20the%20Federal%20Courts.pdf
• Access to the Courts Project
  Source: Brennan Center for Justice
  Link: brennancenter.org/issues/strengthen-our-courts/promote-fair-courts/access-courts
• Disability Civil Rights Law and Policy: Accessible Courtroom Technology [PDF 19 pages]
  Source: William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository (2004)
  Link: scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1262&context=wmborj
• Accessible Justice: Ensuring Equal Access to Courthouses for People with Disabilities [PDF, 24 pages]
  Source: New York Lawyers for Public Interest (NYLPI) (2015)
  Link: nylpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Accessible-Justice-NYLPI-3-23-15.pdf

Learn More about Our Court System and the ADA

• Disability Rights Law Glossary and Acronyms
  Use this online tool to look up the meaning of words and acronyms related to technology, disability, and the law. Some words from this episode are: plaintiff, program access, standing, summary judgement, injunctive relief (see: injunction), appeal, consent decree, settlement agreement.
  Source: Southeast ADA Center
  Link: adasoutheast.org/resources/glossary.php
• Federal Court Concepts
  This training module is designed to introduce high school and college students to the American federal court system. It contains basic information about the structure of the federal courts, what kind of cases that federal courts hear, and how to use federal court decisions in research.
  Source: Southeast ADA Center
  Link: adacourse.org/courtconcepts
• ADA Tile II Tutorial
  This web course helps people working in state and local governments understand and comply with their responsibilities under Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
  Source: Southeast ADA Center, ADA National Network
  Link: adatitle2.org

News Articles about Courthouse Accessibility

• New Ramp Will Improve Crawford County Courthouse Accessibility
  Source: Telegraph Forum (Ohio) (2021)
  Link: bucyrustelegraphforum.com/story/news/2021/04/20/new-ramp-improve-crawford-county-courthouse-accessibility/7291508002
• Access to Courtrooms
  Source: First Amendment Encyclopedia, Middle Tennessee State University (2009)
  Link: mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/1547/access-to-courtrooms
• Working in a Courtroom Presents Challenges for Lawyer Who Uses Wheelchair
  Source: Shepherd Center (2014)
  Link: news.shepherd.org/working-in-a-courtroom-presents-challenges-for-lawyer-who-uses-wheelchair
• The New Accessible Courthouse
  Source: Correctional News (2017)
  Link: correctionalnews.com/2017/07/04/new-accessible-courthouse